转折的作用：

• 转折前后意思相反
  可判断语句含义，做词句理解题。
• 转折之后是重点
  • 可找到重要态度，做态度题和主旨题；
  • 可定位重要细节，做细节题和推理题。
    

传统转折

e.g: but / however / nevertheless / nonetheless / yet

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• but [bət , bʌt]
  conj. 但是;而;然而;相反;尽管如此;表示歉意时说;除…外;（强调一贯真实）
  prep. 除了;除…之外
  adv. 只有;仅仅
  n. 借口;推辞

• however 美[haʊˈevər]
  adv. 然而;(与形容词或副词连用)无论到什么程度，不管多么;不管怎样;无论如何;不过;仍然
  conj. 不管用什么方法;虽然

• nevertheless 英 [ˌnevəðəˈles] 美 [ˌnevərðəˈles]
  adv. 然而;不过;尽管如此

• nonetheless 英 [ˌnʌnðəˈles] 美 [ˌnʌnðəˈles]
  adv. 尽管如此

• yet 英 [jet] 美 [jet]
  conj. 然而;但是
  adv. 还;用于否定句和疑问句，谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事;现在;即刻;马上;从现在起直至某一时间;早晚，总有一天;迄今为止，到当时为止;更

让步铺垫转折

e.g: despite / in spite of / though / although / even though / even if

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• despite 英 [haʊˈevə(r)] 美[dɪˈspaɪt]
  prep. 即使;尽管;尽管(自己)不愿意
  n. 怨恨;恶意;轻蔑;侮辱
• in spite of
  尽管；不管，不顾
• though 英 [ðəʊ] 美[ðoʊ]
  conj. 虽然;尽管;即使;(用于主句后，引出补充说明，使语气变弱)不过，可是，然而
  adv. (尤用于句末补充说明，使语气减弱)不过，可是，然而
• although 英 [ɔːlˈðəʊ] 美[ɔːlˈðoʊ]
  conj. 虽然;尽管;即使;不过;然而
• even though
  尽管;即使;纵然
• even if
  即使;尽管;纵然

对比关系转折

e.g: by/in contrast / on the contrary / quite the opposite / unlike / rather than / instead of

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• by/in contrast
  相比之下;对比之下
• on the contrary
  相反地;恰恰相反;正相反
• quite the opposite
  恰恰相反；刚好相反
• unlike 英 [ˌʌnˈlaɪk] 美 [ˌʌnˈlaɪk]
  prep. 不像;(用于对比)与…不同;非…的特征
  adj. 不同;不像;相异
• rather than
  而不是;而不
• instead of
  而不是;代替;作为…的替换

今非昔比

e.g: once / used to / traditionally / now / today / no longer/more

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• once 英 [wʌns] 美 [wʌns]
  conj. 一旦;一…就;当…时候
  adv. 曾经;曾;一次;仅一次;(用于否定句、疑问句和if后)曾，根本
  n. 一次
• used to
  (用于过去持续或经常发生的事)曾经
• traditionally 英 [trəˈdɪʃnəli] 美 [trəˈdɪʃənəli]
  adv. 传统上;传说上
• now 英 [naʊ] 美 [naʊ]
  adv. 现在;目前;此刻;从现在开始;表示厌烦;喂，哎，嗨
  conj. 既然;由于
  n. 现在
  adj. 现在的;现任的;属于新一代的
• today 英 [təˈdeɪ] 美 [təˈdeɪ]
  n. 今天;今日;现在;当今;当代
  adv. 现在;当今;在今天;在今日;当代
• no longer/more
  不再；

暗含转折

e.g: unfortunately / sadly / regrettably

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• unfortunately 英 [ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli] 美 [ʌnˈfɔːrtʃənətli]
  adv. 不幸地;遗憾地;可惜地;可悲地
• sadly 英 [ˈsædli] 美 [ˈsædli]
  adv. 悲哀地;伤心地;悲伤地;令人遗憾;不幸地;极为;苦苦地
• regrettably 英 [rɪˈɡretəbli] 美 [rɪˈɡretəbli]
  adv. 抱歉地；遗憾的是

实操

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原⽂：
In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is the “democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristics of popular culture…

Q：The word “homogenizing” (Line2, Paragraph1) most probably mean____. (2006, text1)
A. identifying
B. associating
C. assimilating
D. monopolizing

原⽂：
The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.

Q：The author holds in paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor countries ___. (2009, text3)
A. is subject to groundless doubts
B. has fallen victim of bias
C. is conventionally downgraded
D. has been overestimated

原⽂：
In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experiences…

Q：According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its____. (2012, text3)
A. uncertainty and complexity
B. misconception and deceptiveness
C. logicality and objectivity
D.systematicness and regularity